Deep tendon reflexes are key self-regulating processes for human life. Indicative of connections between the cerebral cortex and spinal cord, these reflexes are critical for assessing the integrity of one’s motor system. Physicians clinically evaluate reflex arcs of muscle-tendon units—the pathways of involuntary responses to stimuli—to examine the health of pathologic processes.

If you’re wondering about the five main types of deep tendon reflexes, let’s take a closer look at these stretch reflexes, which are traditionally parts of neurologic or diagnostic exams.

Biceps

What are the five types of deep tendon flexes? One core reflex is the bicep tendon, with nerve root C5-C6. Bicep reflexes evaluate the area underneath the bend of the elbow. After a brisk tap of the tendon with a reflex hammer, the expected response is a forearm flex and bicep contraction.

Brachioradialis

The brachioradialis reflex evaluates the muscle in the lateral portion of the posterior forearm. This is an upper extremity reflex with the nerve root C6. The expected response from a hammer tap is flexion movement near the elbow.

Triceps

The triceps reflex has a C7-C8 nerve root. During evaluation of the lateral compartment of the arm proximal to the elbow, the triceps tendon should undergo a reflex contraction.

Patellar

Also known as the knee reflex, this type of deep tendon reflex has an L2-L4 nerve root. Physicians perform patellar exams with the patient in a sitting position and their legs freely dangling. The reflex contraction response should occur in the quadriceps muscle.

Ankle

An ankle deep tendon reflex has an S1 nerve root. Tapping the Achilles tendon with a hammer should elicit a plantar flexion response. You see this reflex in the gastrocnemius muscle.

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